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OKCPS Language Arts The Priority Academic Student Skills (PASS) set forth the basic skills for Oklahoma students. These skills are meant to be used by educators in developing language arts curriculum appropriate to the needs of their students.
There are several English/Language Arts sections in the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS), Form M: Grade 12 The Oklahoma PASS provides learning goals for language arts that students must meet by the end of twelfth grade.
The American College Test (ACT) is typically given to students in the later years of high school prior to applying to colleges. |
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1.1 Informational Text: Criteria
The learner will be able to use a variety of criteria (e.g., clarity, accuracy, effectiveness, bias, relevance of facts) to evaluate informational media (e.g., Web sites, documentaries, news programs) and identify the rules and expectations about genre that can be manipulated for particular effects or purposes (e.g., combining or altering conventions of different genres, such as presenting news as entertainment; blurring of genres, such as drama-documentaries.
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1.2 Genre: Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze the characteristics of genres including short story, novel, drama, poetry, and essay.
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1.3 Subgenres: Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze the characteristics of subgenres including allegory, ballad, elegy, ode, parody, pastoral, satire and tragedy.
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1.4 Analyze: Historical Context/Event
The learner will be able to analyze and evaluate works of literature and the historical context in which they were written and literature from various cultures to broaden cultural awareness.
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1.5 Analyze: Archetypal/Characters
The learner will be able to compare works that express the recurrence of archetypal (universal modes or patterns) characters, settings, and themes in literature and provide evidence to support the ideas expressed in each work and analyze the clarity and consistency of political assumptions in a selection of literary works or essays on a topic.
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1.6 Functional Text: Documents/Examine
The learner will be able to examine the structure and format of informational and literary documents and explain how authors apply these features to accomplish their purpose.
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1.7 Functional Text: Rhetorical/Use
The learner will be able to investigate both the features and the rhetorical (communication) devices of different types of public documents, such as policy statements, speeches, or debates, and the ways in which authors use those features and devices.
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| Reading Operations |
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3.1 Trait: Analyze/ Narration/Dialogue
The learner will be able to analyze characters' traits by what the characters say about themselves in narration, dialogue, and soliloquy (when they speak out loud to themselves).
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3.2 Inferences: Conflict
The learner will be able to interpret the possible inferences of the historical context on literary works and describe the development of plot and identify conflict and how they are addressed and resolved.
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3.3 Text: Summarize/Paraphrase
The learner will be able to summarize and paraphrase complex, implicit hierarchic structures in informational texts, including relationships among concepts and details in those structures.
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3.4 Construct Meaning: Variety/Texts
The learner will be able to use study strategies such as note taking, outlining, and using study-guide questions to better understand texts.
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3.5 Main Idea: Minor/Detail/Determine
The learner will be able to determine the main idea and supporting details by producing summaries of text.
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3.6 Theme: Affect/Support
The learner will be able to evaluate the way in which the theme or meaning of a selection represents a view or comment on life, using textual evidence to support the claim.
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3.7 Inference: Generalizations/Support
The learner will be able to use text features and elements to support inferences and generalizations about information.
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3.8 Compare/Contrast: Text Features
The learner will be able to compare and contrast elements of text such as themes, conflicts, and allusions both within and across text.
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3.9 Organization: Aid/Understanding
The learner will be able to use organizational strategies as an aid to comprehend increasingly difficult content material (e.g., compare/contrast, cause/effect, problem/solution, sequential order).
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3.10 Figurative Language: Identify
The learner will be able to identify and explain figurative language including analogy, hyperbole, metaphor, personification and simile, sound devices including alliteration and rhyme, and analyze the melodies of literary language, including its use of evocative words, rhythms and rhymes.
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3.11 Response: Influence/Explore
The learner will be able to identify influences on a reader's response to a text (e.g., personal experience and values; perspectives shaped by age, gender, class, or nationality).
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3.12 Response: Language/Clarity/Explain
The learner will be able to analyze the way in which clarity of meaning is affected by the patterns of organization, repetition of the main ideas, organization of language, and word choice in the text.
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3.13 Argument: Assertions/Evidence
The learner will be able to make reasonable assertions about authors' arguments by using elements of the text to defend and clarify interpretations.
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3.14 Reading: Comprehension
The learner will be able to identify the structures and format of various informational documents and explain how authors use the features to achieve their purpose, explain specific devices an author uses to accomplish purpose (persuasive techniques, style, literary forms or genres, portrayal of themes, language), construct images such as graphic organizers based on text descriptions and text structures, and read silently with comprehension for a sustained period of time.
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3.15 Archetypes/Credibility: Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze the way in which authors have used archetypes (universal modes or patterns) drawn from myth and tradition in literature, film, political speeches, and religious writings and evaluate the credibility of information sources, including how the writer's motivation may affect that credibility.
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3.16 Analyze: Irony/Tone/Mood/Style
The learner will be able to analyze the way in which irony, tone, mood, the author's style, and the "sound" of language achieve specific rhetorical (communication) or aesthetic (artistic) purposes or both.
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3.17 Literary: Devices/Techniques
The learner will be able to evaluate the significance of various literary devices and techniques, including imagery, allegory (the use of fictional figures and actions to express truths about human experiences), and symbolism (the use of symbols to represent an idea or theme), and explain their appeal.
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3.18 Author: Purpose/Time/Sequence
The learner will be able to evaluate the author's purpose and the development of time and sequence, including the use of complex literary devices, such as foreshadowing (providing clues to future events) or flashbacks (interrupting the sequence of events to include information about an event that happened in the past).
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| Study and Research Skills |
| The Study and Research Skills Unit includes developing organization and research skills needed to find appropriate resources, to judge resources as relevant or not relevant to a given topic, to categorize and synthesize information, to take notes in class, and to study for exams. |
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5.1 Sources: Complexities
The learner will be able to identify complexities and inconsistencies in the information and the different perspectives found in each medium, including almanacs, microfiche, news sources, field studies, speeches, journals, technical documents, or Internet sources.
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5.2 Skim: Scan/Information
The learner will be able to skim text for an overall impression and scan text for particular information.
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5.3 Research Skills: Studies/Synthesize
The learner will be able to synthesize information from multiple sources to draw conclusions that go beyond those found in any of the individual studies.
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5.4 Organize: Reports/Summaries
The learner will be able to compile written ideas and information into reports, summaries, or other formats and draw conclusions.
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5.5 Information: Paraphrase/Credibility
The learner will be able to summarize, paraphrase, and/or quote relevant information and determine the author's viewpoint to evaluate source credibility and reliability.
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5.6 Presentations: Develop
The learner will be able to develop presentations by using clear research questions and creative and critical research strategies, such as field studies, oral histories, interviews, experiments, and Internet sources.
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| Vocabulary |
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6.1 Content Area: Greek/Latin/Inference
The learner will be able to apply knowledge of Greek, Anglo-Saxon, and Latin roots and word parts to draw inferences about new words that have been created in the fields of science and mathematics (gene splicing, genetic engineering).
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6.2 Words: Unfamiliar/Research
The learner will be able to research unfamiliar words based on characters, themes, or historical events.
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6.3 Analogy: Comparisons/Relationships
The learner will be able to analyze the meaning of analogies encountered, analyzing specific comparisons as well as relationships and inferences.
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6.4 Analyze: Meaning/Context
The learner will be able to rely on context to determine meaning of words and phrases such as figurative language, connotations and denotations of words, analogies, idioms, and technical vocabulary.
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| Language Arts Processes |
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8.1 Conventions: Use/Active Voice
The learner will be able to distinguish active and passive voice and use parallel structure.
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| Language Mechanics |
| The Language Mechanics Unit includes comprehending and applying the rules that govern punctuation and capitalization when writing and editing written works. |
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9.1 Punctuation: Use/Grade Level
The learner will be able to demonstrate correct use of punctuation and recognize its effect on sentence structure.
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9.2 Mechanics: Use Correct
The learner will be able to demonstrate correct use of capitals.
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| Language Expressions |
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10.1 Grammar: Confused Words
The learner will be able to distinguish commonly confused words (e.g., there, their, they're; two, to, too; accept, except; affect, effect).
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10.2 Verb Tense: Written/Use
The learner will be able to use correct verb forms and tenses.
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10.3 Adjective: Superlative/Comparative
The learner will be able to use and identify superlative and comparative adjectives.
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10.4 Subject-Verb: Agreement
The learner will be able to use correct subject-verb agreement.
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10.5 Pronoun: Referent/Writing
The learner will be able to use pronouns effectively, correct pronoun/antecedent agreement, and clear pronoun reference.
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10.6 Fragment/Run-On: Edit
The learner will be able to edit a series of sentences for fragments or run-ons.
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10.7 Usage: Plurals/Use
The learner will be able to use correct formation of plurals.
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10.8 Edit: Written Works/Dangling
The learner will be able to correct dangling and misplaced modifiers.
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| Listening |
| The Listening Unit includes identifying and distinguishing between sounds and patterns in sounds, constructing meaning from information delivered verbally, and understanding and responding to verbal information. |
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11.1 Presentation: Respond/Listen
The learner will be able to listen and respond appropriately to presentations and performances of peers or published works such as original essays or narratives, interpretations of poetry, and individual or group performances.
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11.2 Interpret: Critical/Message
The learner will be able to demonstrate proficiency in critical, empathetic, appreciative, and reflective listening to interpret, respond and evaluate speaker's messages.
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11.3 Strategies: Listening
The learner will be able to use effective strategies for listening to interpret, respond, and evaluate speaker's messages, to evaluate own listening, and to provide appropriate feedback in variety of situations.
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| Media |
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12.1 Media: Effect/Reality
The learner will be able to use the effects of media on constructing his/her own perception of reality and use a variety of forms and technologies such as videos, photographs, and Web sites to communicate specific messages.
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12.2 Visual Media: Interpret
The learner will be able to use a range of strategies to interpret visual media (e.g., draw conclusions, make generalizations, synthesize material viewed, refer to images or information in visual media to support point of view) and demonstrate how editing shapes meaning in visual media (e.g., omission of alternative perspectives; filtered or implied viewpoints; emphasis of specific ideas, images, or information in order to serve particular interest).
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| Speaking |
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13.1 Informative: Language/Rhetoric
The learner will be able to use language and rhetorical strategies skillfully in informative and persuasive messages.
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13.2 Verbal/Nonverbal Techniques: Use
The learner will be able to use a variety of verbal and nonverbal techniques in presenting oral messages such as pitch and tone of voice, posture, and eye contact, and demonstrate poise and control while presenting.
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13.3 Questions: Purposes/Variety
The learner will be able to ask clear questions for a variety of purposes and respond appropriately to the questions of others.
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13.4 Research: Primary/Secondary/Use
The learner will be able to access information from a variety of primary and secondary sources.
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13.5 Appeals: Enhance
The learner will be able to use logical, ethical, and emotional appeals that enhance a specific tone and purpose and use effective and interesting language, including informal expression for effect, Standard English for clarity, and technical language for specificity.
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13.6 Creative: Visual/Musical/Sound
The learner will be able to evaluate when to use different kinds of effects (including visuals, music, sound, and graphics) to create a presentation.
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| Writing |
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14.1 Writing as a Process: Composition
The learner will be able to use prewriting strategies to generate ideas such as brainstorming, using graphic organizers, keeping notes and logs.
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14.2 Reflective: Experiences/Events
The learner will be able to explore the significance of personal experiences, events, conditions, or concerns by using rhetorical strategies, including narration, description, exposition, and persuasion, draw comparisons between specific incidents and broader themes, and maintain a balance in describing individual incidents and relate those incidents to more general and abstract ideas.
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14.3 Narrative: Various Types
The learner will be able to write fictional, biographical, or autobiographical narratives that narrate a sequence of events and communicate their significance to the audience, identify scenes and incidents in specific places, describe with specific details the sight, sounds, and smells of a scene, and present action segments to accommodate changes in time and mood.
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14.4 Writing: Refine/Publish
The learner will be able to organize and reorganize drafts and refine style to suit occasion, audience, and purpose, edit for specific purposes such as to ensure standard usage, varied sentence structure, appropriate word choice, mechanics and spelling and refine selected pieces frequently to publish for general and specific audiences.
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14.5 Write: Different/Purposes
The learner will be able to write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person, adjusting tone, and style as necessary to make writing interesting. Continue to produce other forms of writing introduced in earlier grades.
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14.6 Composition: Ideas/Paragraphs
The learner will be able to develop multiple drafts both alone and collaboratively to categorize ideas organizing them into paragraphs, and blending paragraphs into larger text.
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14.7 Response: Imagery/Theme/Examine
The learner will be able to write responses to literature that demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the significant ideas in works or passages, analyze the use of imagery, language, universal themes, and unique aspects of the text, support important ideas and viewpoints through accurate and detailed reference to the text or to other works, demonstrate an understanding of author's style and an appreciation of the effects created, and identify and assess the impact of ambiguities, nuances, and complexities within the text.
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14.8 Strategies: Discourse/Elements
The learner will be able to deomonstrate an understanding of the elements of discourse, such as purpose, speaker, audience, and form when completing narrative expository, persuasive, or descriptive writing assignments.
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14.9 Research Paper: Documented/MLA
The learner will be able to write documented papers incorporating the techniquesof Modern Language Association (MLA) or similar parenthetical styles.
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14.10 Edit: Organization/Content
The learner will be able to proofread writing for appropriateness of organization, content, and style.
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14.11 Evaluating Writing: Own/Others
The learner will be able to evaluate own writing and others' writing to highlight the individual voice, improve sentence variety and style, and enhance subtlety of meaning and tone in ways that are consistent with the purpose, audience, and form of writing.
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14.12 Rhetorical Devices: Use
The learner will be able to enhance meaning by using rhetorical devices, including the extended use of parallelism, repetition, and analogy and the issuance of a call for actions.
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14.13 Point of View/Style: Use
The learner will be able to use point of view, characterization, style, and related elements for specific rhetorical (communication) and aesthetic (artistic) purposes.
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14.14 Ideas/Arguments: Structure
The learner will be able to structures ideas and arguments in a sustained and persuasive way and support them with precise and relevant examples.
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14.15 Writing: Style/Voice
The learner will be able to further develop unique writing style and voice, improve sentence variety, and enhance subtlety of meaning and tone in ways that are consistent with the purpose, audience, and of writing.
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14.16 Write: Historical Investigations
The learner will be able to write historical investigations that use exposition, narration, description, argumentation, analyze several historical records, explain the perceived reason or reasons for the similarities and differences in historical records, include information from all relevant perspectives, and include a formal bibliography.
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